Hip Fractures in Older Adults: Why Prevention Matters More Than You Think!

Most hip fractures occur after a fall in older adults with weakened bones. A common underlying cause is Osteoporosis, a condition that reduces bone density and makes bones more fragile.

In the UK alone, over 3 million people are living with osteoporosis, significantly increasing their risk of fragility fractures such as those affecting the hip, spine, or wrist. 

The consequences of a hip fracture can be severe:

• Around 20–24% of people die within a year of a hip fracture.

• Studies estimate excess mortality in the first year ranges from about 8% to 36% following a hip fracture.

• About half of people who were previously independent require help afterwards.

  
  

These outcomes are rarely due to the fracture alone. Complications such as systemic infections, blood clots, pneumonia, hospital acquired infections and reduced mobility during recovery all contribute to the increased risk.

For many people, a hip fracture marks the start of a decline in physical function and confidence with movement.

Why Hip Fractures Become More Likely With Age

Bone strength naturally decreases as we age. In fact, the risk of hip fracture roughly doubles every decade after the age of 50.

Several factors contribute to this increased risk:

• Reduced bone density - Bone loss, particularly after menopause in women, increases fracture risk.

• Loss of muscle strength - Weak muscles reduce stability and increase the chance of falling.

• Poor balance or mobility - Changes in coordination or gait can make slips and trips more likely.

• Medication or health conditions - Some medications cause dizziness or affect bone health.

• Environmental hazards - Loose rugs, poor lighting, and cluttered walkways are common causes of falls at home.

Because most hip fractures occur following a fall, preventing falls is one of the most effective strategies for reducing risk.

The Role of Physiotherapy in Prevention

The encouraging news is that many of the risk factors for hip fractures can be improved. Physiotherapy plays a key role in keeping people strong, stable, and confident in movement.

• Strength Training - Strengthening the muscles around the hips and legs improves stability and supports the joints during everyday activities like walking or climbing stairs.

• Balance Training - Balance exercises help the body react quickly if you trip or lose footing, reducing the likelihood of a fall.

• Mobility and Flexibility - Maintaining joint movement allows people to move safely and efficiently during daily tasks.

• Falls Prevention Education - Physiotherapists can also assess walking patterns, footwear, and home environments to identify potential hazards.

Research also highlights how important early movement is after injury. One study found that patients who began mobilising shortly after hip fracture surgery were about 52% less likely to die within a year compared with those who remained immobile for longer.

This reinforces the important message that movement matters.

Small Changes That Can Make a Big Difference

Preventing hip fractures isn’t about avoiding activity. In fact, staying active is one of the most protective things you can do.

Simple steps that help reduce risk include:

• Regular strength and balance exercises

• Maintaining good bone health with calcium and vitamin D

• Keeping physically active throughout life

• Making the home environment safer

• Seeking professional advice if balance or mobility declines

Staying Independent for Longer

Hip fractures can have a devastating impact on quality of life, but they are not inevitable. With the right combination of exercise, fall prevention strategies, and early intervention, many risk factors can be reduced.

If you or a family member have noticed increasing unsteadiness, weakness, or concerns about falling, speaking with a physiotherapist can be an important first step in staying active and independent for longer.

Want to know more? 

If you’d like to learn more about bone health and reducing your risk of hip fractures, the Royal Osteoporosis Society offers excellent advice on osteoporosis, exercise, and keeping bones strong. The NHS website also provides helpful information on falls prevention and healthy ageing.

If you’re concerned about balance, strength, or your risk of falling, our physiotherapists can assess your mobility and provide personalised exercises to help you stay strong and independent.

Booking an appointment with our team is a great first step toward protecting your long-term mobility.

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